Helps track the path a packet takes from source to destination.
Identifies where network delays or failures occur.
Commands:
Windows:tracert [destination IP]
Linux/macOS:traceroute [destination IP]
Step 2: Network Setup with Static Routes
Assuming static routing is already configured, verify your routes:
Router R1:
R1(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
This route tells R1 that to reach 192.168.3.0/24, forward packets to R2 (10.0.0.2).
Router R2:
R2(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.1.2
R2(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1
First route: To reach 192.168.3.0/24, forward packets to R3 (10.0.1.2).
Second route: To reach 192.168.1.0/24, forward packets to R1 (10.0.0.1).
Router R3:
R3(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.1.1
This route tells R3 that to reach 192.168.1.0/24, forward packets to R2 (10.0.1.1).
Step 3: Running tracert from PC1 to PC3
PC1>tracert 192.168.3.100
Tracing route to 192.168.3.100 over a maximum of 30 hops:
1 1 ms 0 ms 0 ms 192.168.1.1
2 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 10.0.0.2
3 2 ms 22 ms 0 ms 10.0.1.2
4 1 ms 3 ms 0 ms 192.168.3.100
Trace complete.
PC1>
Each hoprepresents a router in the network.
The times in ms (milliseconds) show response delays.
Step 4: Troubleshooting with tracert
If tracert does not work or times out:
Verify Static Routes for R1:
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
S 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
R1#
Verify Static Routes for R2:
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C 10.0.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0
S 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0
R2#
Verify Static Routes for R3:
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.0.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0
R3#
Check connectivity using ping:
PC1>ping 192.168.1.1
Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
PC1>ping 192.168.2.100
Pinging 192.168.2.100 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.2.100: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.100: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.100: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.100: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 192.168.2.100:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 14ms, Average = 4ms
PC1>ping 192.168.3.100
Pinging 192.168.3.100 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.3.100: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.3.100: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.3.100: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.3.100: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.3.100:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = 16ms, Average = 5ms
PC1>
Keywords
Traceroute, Tracert, Static Routing, Network Troubleshooting, ICMP, Hop Count, Packet Path, Latency, Ping, Route Verification, Show IP Route, Show IP Interface Brief, Router Configuration, Network Delay, Packet Switching, Routing Table, Network Connectivity, Path Analysis, Command Prompt, Terminal, نتورک پلاس
