Traceroute Test
Nerd Cafe
Step 1: Understanding traceroute
(Linux/macOS) & tracert
(Windows)
traceroute
(Linux/macOS) & tracert
(Windows)Purpose:
Helps track the path a packet takes from source to destination.
Identifies where network delays or failures occur.
Commands:
Windows:
tracert [destination IP]
Linux/macOS:
traceroute [destination IP]
Step 2: Network Setup with Static Routes
Assuming static routing is already configured, verify your routes:

Router R1:
R1(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
This route tells R1 that to reach 192.168.3.0/24, forward packets to R2 (10.0.0.2).
Router R2:
R2(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.1.2
R2(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1
First route: To reach 192.168.3.0/24, forward packets to R3 (10.0.1.2).
Second route: To reach 192.168.1.0/24, forward packets to R1 (10.0.0.1).
Router R3:
R3(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.1.1
This route tells R3 that to reach 192.168.1.0/24, forward packets to R2 (10.0.1.1).
Step 3: Running tracert
from PC1 to PC3
tracert
from PC1 to PC3PC1>tracert 192.168.3.100
Tracing route to 192.168.3.100 over a maximum of 30 hops:
1 1 ms 0 ms 0 ms 192.168.1.1
2 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 10.0.0.2
3 2 ms 22 ms 0 ms 10.0.1.2
4 1 ms 3 ms 0 ms 192.168.3.100
Trace complete.
PC1>
Each hop represents a router in the network.
The times in ms (milliseconds) show response delays.
Step 4: Troubleshooting with tracert
tracert
If tracert
does not work or times out:
Verify Static Routes for R1:
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
S 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
R1#
Verify Static Routes for R2:
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C 10.0.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0
S 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0
R2#
Verify Static Routes for R3:
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.0.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0
R3#
Check connectivity using
ping
:
PC1>ping 192.168.1.1
Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
PC1>ping 192.168.2.100
Pinging 192.168.2.100 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.2.100: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.100: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.100: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.100: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 192.168.2.100:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 14ms, Average = 4ms
PC1>ping 192.168.3.100
Pinging 192.168.3.100 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.3.100: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.3.100: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.3.100: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.3.100: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.3.100:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = 16ms, Average = 5ms
PC1>
Keywords
Traceroute
, Tracert
, Static Routing
, Network Troubleshooting
, ICMP
, Hop Count
, Packet Path
, Latency
, Ping
, Route Verification
, Show IP Route
, Show IP Interface Brief
, Router Configuration
, Network Delay
, Packet Switching
, Routing Table
, Network Connectivity
, Path Analysis
, Command Prompt
, Terminal
, نتورک پلاس
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