Fiber Optic Cables
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Introduction to Fiber Optic Cables
Fiber optic cables are high-speed transmission media that use light to transmit data instead of electrical signals. These cables are widely used in networking due to their high bandwidth, long-distance capabilities, and resistance to electromagnetic interference.
There are two main types of fiber optic cables:
Single-mode fiber (SMF)
Multi-mode fiber (MMF)
1. Fiber Optic Structure
A fiber optic cable consists of the following layers:
Core: The central glass or plastic part through which light travels.
Cladding: A layer surrounding the core that reflects light back into it, preventing signal loss.
Buffer Coating: A protective layer to safeguard the fiber.
Jacket: The outer protective covering.
2. Differences Between Single-mode & Multi-mode Fiber
Core Diameter
Small (8-10 µm)
Large (50-62.5 µm)
Light Source
Laser
LED
Distance
Long distance (Up to 100 km)
Short distance (Up to 2 km)
Bandwidth
Higher
Lower
Cost
More expensive
Less expensive
Typical Use
WAN, MAN, Long-haul networks
LAN, Data Centers, Short-distance links
3. Working Principle of Fiber Optic Communication
Light Source: A laser or LED injects light pulses into the fiber.
Total Internal Reflection: Light travels through the fiber core, bouncing off the cladding.
Receiving End: The light pulses are converted back into electrical signals by a receiver.
Keywords
Fiber Optic, Single-mode Fiber, Multi-mode Fiber, Core Diameter, Cladding, Total Internal Reflection, Laser Transmitter, LED Transmitter, Optical Loss, Bandwidth, Fiber Optic Connectors, LC Connector, SC Connector, ST Connector, MPO/MTP Connector, Fusion Splicing, Mechanical Splicing, Optical Power Meter, OTDR, Fiber Optic Network, نتورک پلاس
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